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A second set of questions on chromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycle. They are different from the ones on the topic page. Try each, then open the answer and compare your working.
Which stage of the cell cycle happens just before mitosis: growth and DNA copying, or fertilisation?
Answer: growth and DNA copying
Name the type of tumour that spreads to other parts of the body.
Answer: malignant
One cell divides once every 10 minutes. How many cells are there after 40 minutes?
Answer: 16
What word describes a tumour that stays in one place and does not spread?
Answer: benign
One bacterium divides every 20 minutes. How many bacteria are there after 2 hours?
Answer: 64
A cell has 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each cell made by mitosis?
Answer: 46
Why are cells made by mitosis all the same? Give one word for what they are.
Answer: identical
How many cells are there after 7 divisions of one cell?
Answer: 128
In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell?
Answer: metaphase
In which stage of mitosis are the copies of each chromosome pulled to opposite ends?
Answer: anaphase
Short questions with options. Choose one before you open the answer.
What is a chromosome?
A long molecule of DNA that carries many genes.
What is a gene?
A short section of DNA that codes for a protein.
How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?
46, in 23 pairs.
What is the cell cycle?
The series of stages a cell goes through to grow and divide.
What happens to organelles before a cell divides?
The cell grows and makes more of them.
When is the DNA copied in the cell cycle?
Before mitosis, after the cell has grown.
What happens during mitosis?
The copied chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends and two nuclei form.
What happens after mitosis?
The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to make two cells.
What are the cells made by mitosis like?
Genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.
Give three uses of mitosis.
Growth, repair of damaged tissue and asexual reproduction.
What is a clone?
An organism that is genetically identical to its parent.
How many cells are there after 5 divisions of one cell?
32, because 2⁵ = 32.
What is a tumour?
A lump of cells formed by uncontrolled cell division.
What is a benign tumour?
A tumour that grows in one place and does not spread to other tissues.
What is a malignant tumour?
A cancer that invades other tissues and spreads in the blood.
Name two risk factors for cancer.
Smoking and ultraviolet radiation.
Where are the chromosomes in a human body cell?
In the nucleus.
What are the two chromosomes in a pair like?
They carry the same genes in the same places. One comes from each parent.
What is a daughter cell?
One of the new cells made when a cell divides.
How many chromosomes does each daughter cell have after mitosis in humans?
46, the same as the parent cell.
Why does mitosis not cause variation?
It copies the DNA exactly, so the new cells are clones.
What is asexual reproduction?
Reproduction from one parent, where the offspring are clones.
What controls cell division?
Genes.
What do cancer cells do that normal cells do not?
They divide without control.
What is a secondary tumour?
A new tumour formed where cells from a malignant tumour have spread.
Name the stages of mitosis in order.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, then cytokinesis. Interphase comes before.
What happens in metaphase?
The chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.
What happens in anaphase?
The two copies of each chromosome are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
What does diploid mean?
Having two sets of chromosomes.
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