Selective breeding and genetic engineering: GCSE Combined Science Biology practice questions

Answer: gene pool

1. Selective breeding reduces it.
2. It is the gene pool.

Answer: it contains beta-carotene

1. It has been engineered to make beta-carotene.
2. This helps to prevent vitamin A deficiency.

Answer: ligase

1. The gene has to be fixed into the vector.
2. The enzyme that joins DNA is ligase.

Answer: restriction enzyme

1. The DNA must be cut at a specific place.
2. A restriction enzyme does this.

Humans choose which organisms breed to produce offspring with desired features.

Disease resistance and high milk yield.

Breeding between closely related individuals.

It makes harmful recessive alleles more likely to pair up.

All the different alleles in a population.

Transferring a gene from one organism to another to give a useful feature.

A crop that has had its genes changed by genetic engineering.

Golden rice or an insect-resistant crop.

A plasmid or virus that carries a gene into a cell.

They cut out the gene and join it into the vector.

Higher yield or more nutrients.

Harm to wild flowers and insects.

A version of a gene.

A chemical that kills weeds.

A plasmid or virus that carries a gene into the target cells.

So every cell of the organism has the new gene.

The environment.

Beta-carotene, which the body can use to make vitamin A.

It cuts DNA at a specific place, leaving sticky ends.

It joins the gene into the vector by sealing the sticky ends.

Short single-stranded ends of DNA that match and join.